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Ocular toxicology.

G D Novack1

  • 1PharmaLogic Development, Inc., San Rafael, CA 94903, USA.

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology
|November 3, 1997
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review highlights systemic drug side effects on the eye, including vision loss and retinal issues from various medications. Physicians must balance drug efficacy against potential ocular toxicity for patient safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Toxicology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Systemic xenobiotics can cause significant ocular toxicity.
  • Understanding these adverse effects is crucial for patient safety.
  • Recent literature details various drug-induced ocular complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent articles on ocular toxicology.
  • To focus on undesirable ocular effects from systemically used xenobiotics.
  • To summarize systemic effects of topical ocular medications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent articles on ocular toxicology.
  • Analysis of case studies and controlled studies on drug-induced ocular effects.
  • Examination of systemic effects from topical ocular medications.

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Main Results:

  • Antiepileptic drugs can cause color vision deficiencies and visual field deterioration.
  • Corticosteroids (inhaled and systemic) are linked to elevated intraocular pressure and retinal detachments.
  • Other reviewed drugs include rifabutin (uveitis), cocaine (retinal hemorrhages), deferoxamine (vision decrease), hydroxychloroquine (retinotoxicity), methotrexate, and pentoxifylline.
  • Systemic effects from topical agents like pilocarpine, cyclopentolate, and ketorolac were reported.

Conclusions:

  • No drug is completely safe or effective.
  • Physicians must evaluate the therapeutic index (efficacy vs. toxicity) before prescribing.
  • Balancing benefits and risks is essential in pharmacotherapy.