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Herbicides and adjuvants: an evolving view.

V F Garry1, B Burroughs, R Tarone

  • 1Environmental Medicine and Pathology Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA. garry001@maroon.tc.umn.edu

Toxicology and Industrial Health
|April 3, 1999
PubMed
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This study found that herbicide exposure in agricultural workers may affect hormone levels, with elevated free testosterone and decreased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). In vitro tests also indicate that herbicide adjuvants are toxicologically active.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Toxicology
  • Endocrinology
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • Pesticide applicators frequently use adjuvants with herbicides.
  • Adjuvants are often paraffinic oils or surfactant mixtures.
  • The role of adjuvants and herbicides in reproductive effects is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vitro genotoxicity of herbicides and adjuvants.
  • To conduct an in vivo human study on the endocrine effects of pesticide exposure.
  • To explore the relationship between herbicide/adjuvant use and hormonal changes in agricultural workers.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro genotoxicity testing using the micronucleus assay for herbicides and adjuvants.
  • A prospective, controlled in vivo study with age- and smoking-matched agricultural workers (n=78).

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  • Blood samples analyzed for hormone levels (free testosterone, FSH) before, during, and after the pesticide application season.

    • Main Results:

    • In vitro: All four tested adjuvants showed positive dose-response effects; one herbicide showed a significant dose-response.
    • In vivo: Herbicide-only applicators showed significant endocrinologic differences compared to controls.
    • Specific findings: elevated free testosterone and decreased FSH in herbicide applicators.

    Conclusions:

    • Adjuvants are not inert and possess toxicological activity.
    • Herbicide exposure in agricultural workers is associated with significant endocrine alterations.
    • Further research is needed to understand the independent or additive toxic effects of adjuvants and herbicides.