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Related Experiment Videos

Relevance of complement fixing antinuclear antibodies.

Y V Fang1, S J Cyran, B Albini

  • 1Department of Microbiology, State University of New York at Buffalo, 14214, USA.

International Journal of Dermatology
|April 7, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Complement-fixing antinuclear antibodies (C-ANAs) can be present in patients with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) or Sjögren's syndrome, even if routine antinuclear antibody (ANA) tests are negative. C-ANA testing aids in diagnosing these connective tissue diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Connective tissue diseases (CTDs) encompass a diverse range of disorders characterized by varied clinical symptoms, immunological findings, and frequent syndrome overlaps.
  • Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) and Sjögren's syndrome are CTDs often presenting with complex immunological profiles.

Observation:

  • This study investigated eight ANA-negative SCLE cases with anti-Ro (SS-A) antibodies and one complex case exhibiting features of Sjögren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  • The ninth patient, despite negative serum ANA and C-ANA tests, showed positive in vivo complement fixation to bound ANAs in skin biopsy via C + DIF, alongside antimitochondrial antibodies.

Findings:

  • Five of eight ANA-negative, Ro(SS-A) positive SCLE patients demonstrated C-ANAs in their serum.

Related Experiment Videos

  • The complex case revealed both in vivo and in vitro complement-fixing antinuclear antibodies (C-ANAs), indicating their presence despite initial negative serological markers.
  • Routine serum tests for the complex case identified antimitochondrial antibodies, while normal skin exhibited weak ANA and strong C-ANA reactivity.

    • Implications:

    • Complement-fixing antinuclear antibody (C-ANA) testing can be a valuable tool for diagnosing CTDs, particularly in ANA-negative presentations of SCLE and Sjögren's syndrome.
    • Identifying C-ANAs can improve diagnostic accuracy and potentially guide treatment strategies for patients with overlapping CTD features.
    • These findings highlight the importance of considering C-ANA assays in the diagnostic workup of patients with suspected autoimmune connective tissue diseases who present with atypical serological results.