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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma-I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...

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A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice

A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice

Published on: April 14, 2010

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in farmers: relation to respiratory symptoms, lung function, and atopy.

A B Bohadana¹, D B Teculescu, S E Megherbi

¹Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 420, Epidémiologie Santé Travail, Cedex France.

|April 7, 1999

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Farmers with bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) reported more wheezing during work and had lower lung function. Work-related wheeze and reduced baseline FEV1 were independently linked to BHR in this farmer cohort.

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Area of Science:

Occupational Health
Pulmonology
Allergology

Background:

Limited data exists on factors linked to nonspecific bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in agricultural workers.
Farmers are potentially exposed to various respiratory irritants and allergens in their work environment.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between BHR and respiratory symptoms, atopy, and lung function abnormalities in French farmers.
To identify specific occupational and physiological factors related to BHR in this population.

Main Methods:

A cross-sectional study involving 741 French farmers undergoing preventive check-ups.
Assessment included questionnaires on respiratory and work-related symptoms, skin prick tests for 34 allergens, and acetylcholine (ACh) challenge tests to assess BHR.
Lung function was measured by forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1).

Main Results:

10.3% of farmers exhibited BHR.
Farmers with BHR had a significantly higher prevalence of asthmalike symptoms (especially work-related wheeze), positive skin tests to mites and cereal dust, and reduced lung function.
Stepwise logistic regression identified work-related wheeze (OR=4.99) and lower baseline FEV1 (OR=1.49) as significant independent predictors of BHR.

Conclusions:

Farmers with BHR demonstrate a greater burden of respiratory symptoms, allergic sensitization, and impaired lung function compared to normoreactive farmers.
Work-related wheezing and diminished baseline FEV1 are key independent factors associated with BHR in farmers.
These findings highlight the importance of monitoring respiratory health in agricultural workers.