Expiratory time determined by individual anxiety levels in humans

We have previously found that individual anxiety levels influence respiratory rates in physical load and mental stress (Y. Masaoka and I. Homma. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 27: 153-159, 1997). On the basis of that study, in the present study we investigated the metabolic outputs during tests and analyzed the respiratory timing relationship between inspiration and expiration, taking into account individual anxiety levels. Disregarding anxiety levels, there were correlations between O2 consumption (VO2) and minute ventilation (VE) and between VO2 and tidal volume in the physical load test, but no correlations were observed in the noxious audio stimulation test. There was a volume-based increase in respiratory patterns in physical load; however, VE increased not only for the adjustment of metabolic needs but also for individual mental factors; anxiety participated in this increase. In the high-anxiety group, the VE-to-VO2 ratio, indicating ventilatory efficiency, increased in both tests. In the high-anxiety group, increases in respiratory rate contributed to a VE increase, and there were negative correlations between expiratory time and anxiety scores in both tests. In an awake state, the higher neural structure may dominantly affect the mechanism of respiratory rhythm generation. We focus on the relationship between expiratory time and anxiety and show diagrams of respiratory output, allowing for individual personality.