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Congenitally missing second premolars in cleft lip and cleft palate children
Y Shapira1, E Lubit, M M Kuftinec
1Department of Orthodontics, Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Summary
This study found an 18% prevalence of missing second premolars in patients with cleft lip or palate, significantly higher than the general population. Missing premolars were more common on the left side, correlating with the typical cleft location.
Area of Science:
- Dentistry
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Genetics
Background:
- Congenital anomalies like cleft lip and palate can affect dental development.
- Previous research suggests a potential link between clefts and missing teeth, but specific premolar frequencies require further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of missing second premolars in individuals with cleft lip, cleft palate, or both.
- To investigate the association between the side of the cleft and the side of the missing second premolar.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of panoramic and periapical radiographs.
- Inclusion of 278 patients (5-18 years old) with cleft lip, cleft palate, or both.
- Assessment of second premolar presence and location relative to cleft side.
Main Results:
- An 18% prevalence of missing second premolars was observed, significantly exceeding general population rates.
- Missing second premolars were more frequent in the maxilla than the mandible.
- A higher incidence of absence was noted on the left side, correlating with the more frequent occurrence of left-sided clefts.
Conclusions:
- Individuals with cleft lip/palate exhibit a markedly higher prevalence of missing second premolars.
- The left side demonstrates a higher frequency of missing second premolars, mirroring the commonality of left-sided clefts.
- The underlying etiology for the increased prevalence of left-sided clefts and associated missing premolars remains undetermined.