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Risk factors for laparoscopically confirmed pelvic inflammatory disease: findings from Mumbai (Bombay), India

A Gogate1, L Brabin, S Nicholas

  • 1Brihan Mumbai Municipal Corporation, India.

Sexually Transmitted Infections
|April 9, 1999
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a minor factor in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) among Indian women. Other factors like obstetric complications and surgical history significantly contribute to PID development.

Area of Science:

  • Gynecology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are often implicated in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) but underdiagnosed in Indian women.
  • Previous microbiological studies in Indian women have not fully captured PID risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate socioeconomic, clinical, and microbiological risk factors for PID in women in Mumbai.
  • To identify key determinants of PID in the study population.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 2736 women aged <= 35 years undergoing gynecological procedures or presenting with suspected PID.
  • Laparoscopic examination and microbiological tests were performed.
  • Logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) was confirmed in 74 women (26 acute, 48 chronic) via laparoscopy.
  • Independent risk factors for PID included later age at menarche, history of stillbirth, tuberculosis, STDs, dilatation and curettage, previous laparoscopy, and presence of Gardnerella vaginalis.
  • Later age at menarche (> or = 14 years) was a significant risk factor.

Conclusions:

  • STD-related risk factors account for a small proportion of PID cases in this population.
  • Other significant determinants of PID include obstetric complications, invasive surgical procedures (e.g., laparoscopy), and tuberculosis.
  • Non-STD factors are crucial in understanding and managing PID in Indian women.

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