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Immune dysfunction associated with chronic professional stress in nurses.

V De Gucht1, B Fischler, C Demanet

  • 1Faculty of Medicine (PSYM), Free University of Brussels, Belgium.

Psychiatry Research
|April 9, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Chronic professional stress in nurses impacts immunity, causing immune activation and suppression. Psychopathology influences these immune changes, suggesting distinct psychological mechanisms link to specific immune dysfunctions.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychoneuroimmunology
  • Occupational Health
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Chronic professional stress is prevalent among nurses.
  • The interplay between stress, psychopathology, and immune function requires further investigation.
  • Understanding these relationships is crucial for healthcare worker well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between chronic professional stress in nurses and immune function.
  • To investigate the potential impact of psychopathology on this stress-immunity relationship.
  • To identify specific immune markers associated with stress and psychopathology levels.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty nurses were selected based on high/low scores for professional stress and psychopathology.
  • Immune function was assessed by analyzing cell populations and serum markers.

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  • Key immune parameters included interleukin-2 receptor expression, natural killer cell percentage, CD3+CD16CD56+ cells, CD8+CD11b+ cells, and serum neopterin.

    • Main Results:

    • Chronic professional stress was linked to immune dysfunction, showing signs of both immune activation and suppression.
    • Increased numbers of cells expressing the interleukin-2 receptor (e.g., CD4+CD25+ cells) and CD3+CD16CD56+ cells, along with elevated serum neopterin, were observed.
    • A decrease in the percentage of natural killer cells and CD8+CD11b+ cells was also noted, with patterns varying by psychopathology levels.

    Conclusions:

    • Chronic professional stress is associated with significant immune alterations in nurses.
    • Psychopathology modulates the immune response to chronic stress.
    • Distinct psychological mechanisms may underlie specific immune dysfunctions in stressed nurses.