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Trace elements in biological systems: nuclear techniques app.

P Colautti, P C Muzzio, G Enzi

    La Ricerca in Clinica E in Laboratorio
    |April 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Nuclear techniques offer sensitive, simultaneous determination of trace elements in biological samples, with methods like proton-induced X-ray fluorescence achieving better than 0.1 ppm sensitivity.

    Area of Science:

    • Nuclear Physics and Chemistry
    • Analytical Chemistry
    • Biomedical Analysis

    Background:

    • Trace element analysis in biological samples is crucial for understanding biological processes and health.
    • Conventional analytical methods may lack the sensitivity or multi-elemental capability required for complex biological matrices.
    • Nuclear techniques provide powerful tools for sensitive and simultaneous detection of multiple elements.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the utility of nuclear techniques for simultaneous trace element determination in biological samples.
    • To describe specific methods, namely Proton-Induced X-ray Fluorescence (PIXE) and Alpha-Particle Elastic Diffusion (APED).
    • To detail sample preparation, achieved sensitivity, and present experimental results for these techniques.

    Main Methods:

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    • Proton-Induced X-ray Fluorescence (PIXE): Utilizes proton beams to excite atoms, causing them to emit characteristic X-rays, which are then detected.
    • Alpha-Particle Elastic Diffusion (APED): Employs alpha particles to probe the sample, with analysis based on elastic scattering events.
    • Sample Preparation: Discusses necessary procedures to optimize sample quality and minimize matrix effects for accurate analysis.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated the capability of nuclear techniques for simultaneous determination of multiple trace elements.
    • Achieved high sensitivity, often better than 0.1 ppm, depending on the specific element and method.
    • Presented experimental data showcasing the application and effectiveness of PIXE and APED.

    Conclusions:

    • Nuclear techniques, including PIXE and APED, are highly effective for simultaneous trace element analysis in biological samples.
    • These methods offer superior sensitivity and multi-elemental capabilities compared to many conventional techniques.
    • The described techniques provide valuable tools for research in biology, medicine, and environmental science.