Correcting vertically altered faces: orthodontics and orthognathic surgery

Traditional methods of model and cephalometric examination are often unreliable for diagnosis and treatment planning. This article presents soft tissue cephalometric analysis that measures the face, analyzes important dentoskeletal structures that determine facial appearance, and reveals the etiology of malocclusions. A technique for cephalometric treatment planning for guiding esthetic facial changes and the method of occlusal correction are also described. Vertical maxillary excess and vertical maxillary deficiency malocclusions are used to illustrate these techniques.