Mental health nursing in the 21st century

Mental health nursing in the 21st century will expand to include a neuropsychiatric focus that encompasses the science, knowledge, and skills of both neurology and psychiatry. The shift to neuropsychiatric nursing is directed by the explosion of knowledge in the neurobiologic basis of mental illness, tremendous advances in diagnostic technology, and the discovery of new and more effective psychopharmacologic treatments. Neuropsychiatric disorders are common, disabling, costly, and stigmatizing. A neuropsychiatric paradigm allows treatment to reach more people who are affected and is less stigmatizing than a psychosocial view alone. Neuropsychiatric advanced practice nurses will need both primary care and specialty knowledge and skills. The challenge to nursing education is to determine how best to incorporate this knowledge and skills into curricula. Neuropsychiatric research must focus on both biologic and behavioral measures and interventions. The philosophical and ethical challenge to nursing is to integrate biologic and behavioral concepts into the nursing care of mentally ill people while remaining centered in the nursing domain and maintaining our focus on caring and our sensitivity to the human condition.