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Related Experiment Videos

Monoamine oxidase: from genes to behavior.

J C Shih1, K Chen, M J Ridd

  • 1Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, USA. jcshih@hsc.usc.edu

Annual Review of Neuroscience
|April 15, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Cloning monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B revealed distinct polypeptides. MAO A and B knockout mice models show unique neurotransmitter changes and behaviors, offering insights into neurological disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cloning of monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B enzymes confirmed they are distinct polypeptides.
  • Studies using complementary DNA (cDNA) have advanced understanding of MAO structure, regulation, and function.
  • MAO A and B genes are located on the X-chromosome (Xp11.23) and share an identical intron-exon organization, suggesting a common ancestral gene.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct roles of MAO A and MAO B in neurotransmitter metabolism and behavior.
  • To utilize MAO A and B knockout mouse models for studying neurological and stress-related disorders.
  • To explore the neuroprotective potential of MAO B in Parkinson's disease models.

Main Methods:

  • Gene cloning and characterization of MAO A and B.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Generation and analysis of MAO A and B knockout mice.
  • Neurotransmitter level measurements in knockout mouse brains.
  • Behavioral assessments of knockout mice, including aggression and stress reactivity.
  • Evaluation of neurotoxin resistance in MAO B knockout mice.

    • Main Results:

    • MAO A knockout mice exhibited elevated brain serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine levels, along with aggressive behavior.
    • MAO B knockout mice showed increased phenylethylamine levels but no aggression, and resistance to MPTP neurotoxin.
    • Both MAO A and B knockout mice displayed increased reactivity to stress.
    • Distinct behavioral and neurochemical phenotypes were observed between MAO A and MAO B knockout models.

    Conclusions:

    • MAO A and B play distinct, non-redundant roles in regulating neurotransmitter systems and behavior.
    • MAO A knockout mice serve as models for aggression and certain psychoses.
    • MAO B knockout mice are valuable for studying Parkinson's disease and stress-related disorders.
    • MAO knockout mouse models are crucial tools for understanding monoamine roles in complex neurological conditions.