Nitration modifying function of proteins, hormones and neurotransmitters

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Molecular Biology
• Physiology

Background:

• Evidence suggests nitration occurs in vivo.
• Nitration impacts biological molecules.
• The discovery of peroxynitrite advanced nitration research.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review nitration studies on functional changes of proteins, hormones, and neurotransmitters.
• To discuss the implications of nitration before and after peroxynitrite discovery.
• To explore the potential roles of nitration in biological systems.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of in vivo nitration studies.
• Analysis of functional changes in nitrated molecules.
• Comparison of studies pre- and post-peroxynitrite discovery.

Main Results:

• Most nitrated molecules show reduced activity compared to native forms.
• Nitration has been observed in proteins, hormones, and neurotransmitters.
• Studies before and after peroxynitrite discovery provide context.

Conclusions:

• Nitration's exact physiological role is undetermined.
• Potential roles include being a marker of oxidative stress.
• It may be involved in nitric oxide metabolism or cellular homeostasis.