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Salmonella pullorum in the common pheasant (Phasianus colchicus).

T W Pennycott1, G Duncan

  • 1Avian Health Unit, SAC Veterinary Science Division, Auchincruive, Ayr.

The Veterinary Record
|April 16, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Pullorum disease caused by Salmonella pullorum was identified in pheasants in Scotland. The study details its pathology, bacteriology, and suggests carrier pheasants introduced the infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Microbiology
  • Avian Pathology
  • Gamebird Health

Background:

  • Pullorum disease, caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar pullorum (Salmonella pullorum), is a significant concern in poultry.
  • This report details the first diagnosis of pullorum disease in gamebirds (pheasants) in south-west Scotland.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the gross pathology and bacteriological findings of pullorum disease in Scottish pheasants.
  • To report the results of Salmonella pullorum screening in 1997 on the affected gamebird enterprise.
  • To identify the phage type of the isolated Salmonella pullorum and infer the source of introduction.

Main Methods:

  • Gross pathological examination of affected pheasants.
  • Bacteriological isolation and identification of Salmonella pullorum from various tissues (lung, liver, yolk sac, heart blood, digestive tract).

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  • Phage typing of the recovered Salmonella pullorum isolates.
  • Screening of the gamebird site in the subsequent year.

    • Main Results:

    • Salmonella pullorum was readily isolated from multiple organs, particularly on direct culture.
    • Isolation from the digestive tract and use of selective media were less successful.
    • The causal agent was identified as Salmonella pullorum phage type 7.
    • Phage type 7 is typically associated with pheasants, not domestic fowl.

    Conclusions:

    • The diagnosis of pullorum disease in pheasants highlights its potential impact on gamebird populations.
    • The identification of phage type 7 suggests introduction via infected carrier pheasants.
    • Movement of carrier pheasants is the most probable source of infection for the gamebird enterprise.