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Related Experiment Videos

Influenza virus serology--a comparative study.

P H Rothbarth1, J Groen, A M Bohnen

  • 1Department of Virology, University Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands. rothbarth@viro.azr.nl

Journal of Virological Methods
|April 16, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Rapid diagnosis of influenza virus infection is crucial. This study found that detecting specific serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) is a highly indicative marker for acute influenza A and B infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Rapid diagnosis of influenza virus infection is essential for timely treatment and management.
  • Current rapid diagnostic methods include virus isolation and antigen detection.
  • Serological tests offer a potentially simpler alternative for diagnosing acute influenza.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the synthesis of serum IgM, IgA, and IgG antibodies in patients with acute influenza B and A virus infections.
  • To evaluate the diagnostic utility of these antibody responses in early influenza detection.
  • To compare antibody responses between influenza B and A virus cohorts and with age-matched controls.

Main Methods:

  • Two patient cohorts were studied: 37 with influenza B and 40 with influenza A, diagnosed via antigen detection and/or virus isolation within 36 hours of symptom onset.

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  • Serum samples were analyzed for IgM, IgA, and IgG antibody levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assays.
  • Age-matched controls were included to establish baseline antibody prevalence.

    • Main Results:

    • A significant antibody rise (IgG) was detected in 92% of influenza B patients by ELISA and 74% by HAI; for influenza A, these were 62% (ELISA) and 72% (HAI).
    • Serum IgA was found in 32% of influenza B patients and 68% of influenza A patients, with low prevalence in controls (2% and 4%, respectively).
    • Virus-specific IgA and the majority of IgG were synthesized within the first week of infection, indicating a rapid antibody response.

    Conclusions:

    • The detection of specific serum IgA is a highly indicative marker for acute influenza virus infection.
    • Serological testing, particularly for IgA, can serve as a valuable diagnostic tool for early influenza detection.
    • The rapid synthesis of IgA and IgG antibodies within the first week highlights their importance in the host's immune response to influenza.