One-stage reconstruction of defects in the hypopharyngeal region with free flaps

Despite the almost universal poor prognosis, the reconstruction of combined cervical skin and hypopharyngeal defects after extensive resection of tumour should maintain optimal quality of life. From 1992 to 1996 we treated 10 patients with combined skin and hypopharyngeal defects with five fasciocutaneous free flaps, three myocutaneous latissimus dorsi free flaps, one myocutaneous VRAM (vertical rectus abdominis muscle) free flap and one free radial forearm flap. None of our flaps failed. The complications that required revision (one arterial bleeding, one arterial thrombosis, two fistula formations, one superficial wound dehiscence, one haematoma) occurred mainly in those patients having secondary reconstructions. After primary extensive oncological resection of these tumours reconstruction should be done in one stage. The primary reconstruction should provide sufficient pharyngeal lining, a satisfactory covering of cervical soft-tissue, and adequate functional rehabilitation. We have reviewed our experience and conclusions about the advantages, disadvantages, and current indications for different free flaps in the reconstruction of combined hypopharyngeal, cervico-oesophageal, and cervical skin defects.