CC chemokine receptor-3 undergoes prolonged ligand-induced internalization

CC chemokine receptor-3 (CCR-3) is a major receptor involved in regulating eosinophil trafficking; therefore, elucidation of ligand-induced CCR-3 events has important implications in understanding the biological and pathological properties of eosinophils. Previous studies have demonstrated that unique receptor events occur in different cell types supporting investigation of CCR-3-mediated events in eosinophilic cells. We now report biochemical characterization of CCR-3 internalization following exposure of eosinophils to CCR-3 ligands. Treatment of freshly isolated human eosinophils with CCR-3 ligands resulted in marked and differential internalization of CCR-3 in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure to 100 ng/ml eotaxin reduced surface expression to 43, 43, and 76% at 15 min, 1 h, and 3 h, respectively. RANTES (reduced on activation T cell expressed and secreted) treatment induced more significant and prolonged internalization of CCR-3 than eotaxin; following 100 ng/ml of RANTES, 29, 24, and 47% of the receptor was expressed at 15 min, 3 h, and 18 h, respectively. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that receptor modulation involved receptor internalization by an endocytic pathway shared with the transferrin receptor. Receptor internalization was accompanied by partial degradation of CCR-3, and reexpression of CCR-3 was dependent in part upon de novo protein synthesis. Internalization was not blocked by pretreatment of eosinophils with pertussis toxin. Furthermore, staurosporine did not inhibit internalization although it blocked phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced CCR-3 down-modulation. These results demonstrate that CCR-3 ligands induce differential receptor internalization that is not dependent upon Gi-protein coupling, calcium transients, or protein kinase C.