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Evolutionary patterns from mass originations and mass extinctions.

D Hewzulla1, M C Boulter, M J Benton

  • 1Palaeobiology Research Unit, University of East London, UK.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|April 23, 1999
PubMed
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Biological evolution shows an exponential growth pattern, not logistic, with distinct origination and extinction peaks. This suggests internal dynamics and external factors drive evolutionary patterns, possibly involving self-organized criticality.

Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Geological Time

Background:

  • The Fossil Record 2 database provides stratigraphic ranges for numerous animal and plant families.
  • Understanding macroevolutionary trends requires analyzing family origination and extinction rates over geological time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the number of extant families through time using the Fossil Record 2 database.
  • To investigate the underlying dynamics of biological evolution, distinguishing between internal drivers and external perturbations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Fossil Record 2 database to plot the number of extant families across geological time.
  • Applied statistical analysis, including power spectra of residuals, to compare exponential and logistic growth models.
  • Performed spectral analysis on residuals from the exponential model for marine organisms.

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Main Results:

  • An exponential model provides a better fit than a logistic model for the number of extant families over time.
  • Origination and extinction peaks differ significantly between marine and terrestrial organisms over the last 600 million years.
  • Residuals from the exponential model for marine systems exhibit 1/f noise characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • Biological evolution appears to follow an exponential trajectory, influenced by both internal dynamics and external events.
  • Distinct origination and extinction patterns suggest complex drivers of evolutionary change.
  • The presence of 1/f noise in marine systems hints at potential self-organized criticality phenomena in macroevolution.