Telemedicine: an overview

Telemedicine--the use of telecommunications and computer technology to provide medical information and services at a distance--is growing in popularity. Because of the rapid advances being made in the technology, more and more clinical applications can now be performed via telemedicine. However, the decision to adopt telemedicine should be made only if a clinical need for this technology can be demonstrated. And successful implementation and operation depend on specifically designing the technical infrastructure--that is, the computer hardware and software and the telecommunications system--to meet this clinical need. But even more important is making sure that everyone involved in such a program, including clinicians, telecommunications suppliers, and patients, understands the objectives, benefits, and particular requirements of telemedicine. In this Guidance Article, we provide an overview of the issues surrounding telemedicine. We present examples of successful telemedicine programs, along with guidance for facilities considering programs of their own. We also outline the barriers to successful implementation. And we discuss how, once a telemedicine program is in place, facilities can evaluate the effect of the program on their delivery of healthcare. In supplementary articles, we discuss the technology used for telemedicine and provide a list of telemedicine resources for readers who wish to learn more about the subject.