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Related Experiment Videos

Systemic reactions due to allergen immunotherapy.

M Karaayvaz1, F Erel, Z Caliskaner

  • 1Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Department of Allergy, Ankara, Turkey.

Journal of Investigational Allergology & Clinical Immunology
|April 23, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has a low incidence of systemic reactions, with most occurring within 30 minutes post-injection. Maintenance AIT shows fewer reactions than the build-up phase, suggesting current waiting times are adequate for most patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Systemic reactions are a concern in allergen immunotherapy (AIT).
  • Understanding the incidence and risk factors of these reactions is crucial for patient safety.
  • Conventional AIT uses aqueous extracts for allergy injections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the incidence, type, and potential risk factors of systemic reactions during conventional allergen immunotherapy with aqueous extracts.
  • To assess the safety profile of AIT based on retrospective patient data.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 1,506 patients receiving allergy injections over 12 years.
  • Classification of systemic reactions based on onset time, symptoms (respiratory, skin, hypotension), and patient factors.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of reaction occurrence during build-up versus maintenance phases and relation to pollen season or new vial injections.

    • Main Results:

    • A low incidence of systemic reactions was observed (1 per 1,831 injections).
    • Most reactions (84.8%) occurred within 30 minutes post-injection, primarily affecting skin or respiratory systems.
    • Maintenance immunotherapy had a lower reaction rate (1/73 patients) compared to the build-up period (1/52 patients).
    • Pollen season and injections from new vials were associated with increased reaction risk.

    Conclusions:

    • Conventional allergen immunotherapy with aqueous extracts is associated with a low rate of systemic reactions.
    • Maintenance immunotherapy appears safer than the build-up phase.
    • The standard 30-minute waiting period is generally adequate, but longer observation may benefit high-risk individuals.