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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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Internal Anatomy of the Kidney01:12

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The kidneys are essential organs in the human body, performing a myriad of tasks that maintain homeostasis and overall health.
Anatomical Position and Dimensions
The kidneys are retroperitoneal organs positioned against the posterior abdominal wall on either side of the spine, roughly between the twelfth thoracic and third lumbar vertebrae. Each kidney is typically 10-12 cm long, 5-6 cm wide, and 3-4 cm thick, weighing about 150 grams.
Renal Cortex
The outermost region of the kidney is the...
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Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

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A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

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Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
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Kidney Transplant III: Nursing Management01:16

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Postoperative Nursing Management for Kidney Transplant PatientsPostoperative nursing management care includes monitoring the surgical site, encouraging early movement, and promoting lung health through breathing exercises. Nurses also administer prescribed medications like H2-blockers, such as famotidine, or proton pump inhibitors, like omeprazole, to help prevent gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Fungal infections in the mouth and bladder can result from immunosuppressive and antibiotic...
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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 2, 2026

Murine Kidney Transplant Technique
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Murine Kidney Transplant Technique

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Pre-Columbian medicine and the kidney.

J C Peña1

  • 1Hospital Mocel y Hospital Angeles del Pedregal, México D.F., México.

American Journal of Nephrology
|April 24, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Mesoamerican medicine, known as ticiotl, utilized plants for healing and was based on a cold/warm polarity theory, distinct from European humoral medicine. This ancient practice highlights diverse cultural approaches to understanding and treating illness.

Area of Science:

  • Ethnohistory
  • Medical Anthropology
  • History of Science

Background:

  • Mesoamerican medicine, particularly Aztec ticiotl, evolved from 1500 BC to 1521 AD.
  • Key civilizations include Olmec, Teotihuacanes, Toltecs, Mayas, and the Nahoa Empire.

Observation:

  • Aztec medicine (ticiotl) synthesized knowledge from earlier Mesoamerican cultures.
  • Historical records like Sahagún's works and the Cruz-Badiano codex document plant-based treatments.
  • Aztec physicians (titicih) treated various ailments, including edema, kidney stones, and fractures.

Findings:

  • Ticiotl medicine employed a unique cold/warm polarity theory, contrasting with the Greco-Roman four-humor system.
  • Aztec medical practices were sophisticated, demonstrating a distinct philosophical framework for health and disease.

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Implications:

  • Validates the complexity and efficacy of indigenous medical systems.
  • Highlights the capacity of diverse cultures to develop independent medical theories and practices.
  • Underscores the importance of ethnohistorical research in understanding pre-Columbian medicine.