Region-dependent difference in the sleep-promoting potency of an adenosine A2A receptor agonist

The present study has demonstrated that the sleep-promoting potency of 2-[p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamido adenosine (CGS21680), a selective agonist for the adenosine A2A receptor, varies depending on the location of the administration. CGS21680 was continuously administered to rats through a chronically implanted cannula for 6 h during their active phase. The tip of the cannula was located in the subarachnoid space or the brain ventricle neighbouring the established brain areas implicated in the regulation of sleep-wake phenomena, i.e. rostral basal forebrain, medial preoptic area, lateral preoptic area, posterior hypothalamus, and dorsal tegmentum of the pons and medulla. At an infusion rate of 2.0 pmol/min, the magnitude of increase in non-rapid eye movement sleep varied from 14 min (a 15% increase) to 96 min (a 103% increase), and those of rapid eye movement sleep varied from 6 min (a 40% increase) to 28 min (a 264% increase) from the respective baseline values. The largest increases in both types of sleep occurred when CGS21680 was administered to the subarachnoid space underlying the rostral basal forebrain. These findings were interpreted to mean that the major, if not the only, site responsible for the CGS21680-inducing sleep was located in or near the rostral basal forebrain. This interpretation was supported by the findings that the administration of CGS21680 to the rostral basal forebrain produced predominant expression of Fos within the shell of the nucleus accumbens and the medial portion of the olfactory tubercle, and that the microdialysis perfusion of CGS21680 into the shell of the nucleus accumbens also exhibited a sleep-promoting effect.