Pediatric bacterial endocarditis. Treatment and prophylaxis

Endocarditis is a rare but serious complication often related to complex CHD. The incidence, particularly among smaller infants with cyanotic heart disease, seems to be increasing. The pathophysiology is related to a combination of host and bacterial factors that predispose to endothelial colonization and infection. Diagnosis, although occasionally difficult, is life saving, but the treatment is prolonged. Prophylaxis before appropriate procedures may significantly decrease the risk for development in appropriate patients.