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Cycles and trends in cod populations.

O N Bjørnstad1, J M Fromentin, N C Stenseth

  • 1Department of Biology, Division of Zoology, University of Oslo, PO Box 1050 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. bjornsta@nceas.ucsb.edu

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|April 29, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Age-structured interactions, including asymmetric competition and cannibalism, drive both short-term fluctuations and long-term trends in coastal cod populations. These factors influence fish abundance and recruitment variability.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Population Dynamics
  • Fisheries Science

Background:

  • Fish stock fluctuations are typically explained by recruitment, predation, or environmental changes.
  • Long-term abundance trends are often linked to human exploitation and climate shifts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying mechanisms of short- and long-term variability in coastal cod populations.
  • To demonstrate how age-structured interactions can explain both types of fluctuations.

Main Methods:

  • Statistical modeling of long-term survey data (1921-1994) for Norwegian Skagerrak coast cod.
  • Analysis of age-structured interactions, including asymmetric competition and cannibalism.

Main Results:

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  • Age-structured interactions, specifically asymmetric competition and cannibalism between cohorts, create alternating high and low abundance years.
  • Intercohort interactions amplify recruitment variability, inducing long-term population trends.

    • Conclusions:

    • Age structure and variable recruitment are critical for understanding both short- and long-term fluctuations in coastal cod populations.
    • Resonant effects from these interactions may be prevalent in other marine populations with similar traits.