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Related Concept Videos

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
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The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

A Mobile Outside-in Technique of Transforaminal Lumbar Endoscopy for Lumbar Disc Herniations
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Variability of outcome after lumbar disc surgery.

C Woertgen1, R D Rothoerl, K Breme

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Regensburg, Germany.

Spine
|May 1, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Lumbar disc surgery outcomes can be unstable, with 40% of patients shifting between favorable and unfavorable groups. This inconsistency complicates the identification of reliable prognostic factors for surgical success.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Orthopedics
  • Spinal Surgery

Background:

  • Prognostic factors for lumbar disc surgery often vary across different follow-up times.
  • Patient outcome groups may not remain stable throughout the observation period, potentially explaining inconsistent results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the consistency of patient outcomes after lumbar disc surgery.
  • To identify stable prognostic factors influencing surgical results over time.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective, consecutive study design.
  • Low Back Outcome Score assessed pre-surgery and at 3, 12, and 28 months post-surgery.
  • Patients categorized into favorable and unfavorable outcome groups at each time point.

Main Results:

  • Ninety-eight patients were analyzed.
  • Forty percent of patients exhibited unstable outcomes across follow-up periods.
  • No single prognostic factor demonstrated significance across all follow-up examinations.

Conclusions:

  • Patient outcome instability after lumbar disc surgery poses a significant challenge.
  • The variability in patient outcomes complicates the reliable calculation and application of prognostic factors.