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Related Experiment Videos

Evidence for abstract, schematic knowledge of three spatial diagram representations.

L R Novick1, S M Hurley, M Francis

  • 1Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203, USA. novicklr@ctrvax.vanderbilt.edu

Memory & Cognition
|May 5, 1999
PubMed
Summary

College students understand spatial diagram representations like hierarchies and networks. They utilize abstract schemas for selecting appropriate diagrams, demonstrating rudimentary knowledge of their application conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Information Visualization

Background:

  • Spatial diagram representations (hierarchies, matrices, networks) are crucial cognitive tools.
  • Understanding how individuals select and apply these representations is key to effective thinking and problem-solving.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate college students' abstract schemas for spatial diagram representations.
  • To determine the basis of students' ability to select appropriate diagrammatic tools for problems.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Compared performance using general category information versus specific examples.
  • Experiment 2: Assessed if performance relied on comparing test problems to memory examples.
  • Experiment 3: Examined the roles of in-experiment learning and transfer appropriate processing.

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Main Results:

  • Students performed better when cued with general category information about representations.
  • Performance was not driven by direct comparison with memory examples.
  • In-experiment learning or transfer appropriate processing did not explain the superior performance.

Conclusions:

  • College students possess abstract schemas for spatial diagrams, including basic applicability conditions.
  • These schemas are rudimentary, suggesting a need for further development in educational contexts.
  • Further research is needed to understand the nature and limitations of these cognitive schemas.