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Related Experiment Videos

Revelation without presentation: counterfeit study list yields robust revelation effect.

L C Frigo1, D L Reas, D LeCompte

  • 1Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA. lfrigo@aspen1.csi.cc.id.us

Memory & Cognition
|May 5, 1999
PubMed
Summary

The revelation effect, a memory phenomenon, can occur even without actual episodic memory recall. This suggests the effect relies on a specific recall event, not necessarily true episodic memory.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Memory Studies

Background:

  • The revelation effect is a recognition memory phenomenon where specially processed items bias responses.
  • This effect typically requires episodic memory recall but has not been tested in non-episodic judgment contexts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the revelation effect occurs when episodic memory is nominally involved but a complete event has not happened.
  • To determine the necessary conditions for the revelation effect, specifically regarding reliance on true episodic memory.

Main Methods:

  • A pseudo-subliminal procedure was used where participants heard noise masking non-existent words.
  • Participants made recognition judgments under conditions simulating episodic memory recall.
  • Control conditions involved simple guessing or semantic judgments about unheard word lists.

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Main Results:

  • A revelation effect was observed in the pseudo-subliminal condition, indicating a positive response bias.
  • The effect was absent when participants made simple guesses or semantic judgments.
  • This suggests the effect is tied to a specific recall event, not necessarily genuine episodic memory.

Conclusions:

  • The revelation effect can manifest without actual episodic memory recall, relying instead on a specific recall event.
  • The findings challenge the necessity of true episodic memory for the revelation effect.
  • This has implications for understanding memory biases and recognition processes.