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Related Experiment Videos

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in women.

H Yu1, H Berkel

  • 1Section of Cancer Prevention and Control, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport, USA.

The Journal of the Louisiana State Medical Society : Official Organ of the Louisiana State Medical Society
|May 11, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is found in female tissues like the breast, not just the prostate. PSA levels in breast cancer correlate with better survival rates, suggesting its potential as a biomarker.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Oncology
  • Gynecology

Background:

  • Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was traditionally considered exclusive to prostate epithelial cells.
  • Emerging evidence indicates PSA expression in various female tissues, challenging its prostate-specific designation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and significance of PSA in female tissues and biological fluids.
  • To explore the potential of PSA as a biomarker in female health, particularly in breast cancer and pregnancy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on PSA expression in female tissues (e.g., breast) and fluids (e.g., milk, nipple aspirate, amniotic fluid).
  • Analysis of clinical studies correlating PSA levels with breast cancer characteristics and patient outcomes.
  • Examination of hormonal regulation of PSA production in breast tissue.

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Main Results:

  • PSA is detected in normal and abnormal breast tissues, as well as in breast fluids like milk and nipple aspirate.
  • Androgens and progesterones regulate PSA production in breast tissue; its presence is linked to estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in breast cancer.
  • Women with PSA-positive breast cancer exhibit improved disease-free and overall survival.
  • Elevated serum PSA levels are observed in pregnant women and during certain phases of the menstrual cycle, and in cases of excess androgen.
  • High PSA concentrations are found in amniotic fluid, with levels varying by gestational age.

Conclusions:

  • PSA is not exclusively prostate-specific and is significantly present in female tissues and fluids.
  • PSA expression in breast cancer is associated with favorable prognostic factors and improved survival.
  • PSA levels in nipple aspirate fluid may indicate breast cancer risk, and its presence in amniotic fluid and serum warrants further clinical investigation.