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Related Experiment Videos

Tonic accommodation, age, and refractive error in children.

K Zadnik1, D O Mutti, H S Kim

  • 1College of Optometry, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1240, USA.

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
|May 11, 1999
PubMed
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Tonic accommodation, the eye's resting state, was studied in children. Lower tonic accommodation levels did not predict the onset of myopia, despite its association with refractive error.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Optometry
  • Vision Science

Background:

  • Tonic accommodation, the eye's resting refractive state, is linked to refractive error in children and adults.
  • Myopic individuals generally exhibit lower tonic accommodation levels.
  • Previous research suggests a potential link between tonic accommodation and myopia development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate tonic accommodation as a predictor for the onset of myopia in children.
  • To analyze the relationship between tonic accommodation, refractive error, and age.

Main Methods:

  • Tonic accommodation was measured in 714-790 children (ages 6-15) over four years using an infrared autorefractor.
  • Measurements were taken under lit empty-field and dark-field conditions with a fixation spot.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Refractive error and crystalline lens curvatures (videophakometry) were also assessed.

    • Main Results:

    • Tonic accommodation varied significantly with age and testing condition (lit vs. dark field).
    • Myopes showed lower tonic accommodation than emmetropes and hyperopes (P < 0.001).
    • Lower tonic accommodation did not correlate with an increased risk of myopia onset (RR 0.90 and 0.83).

    Conclusions:

    • This study establishes an association between age and tonic accommodation.
    • The link between tonic accommodation and refractive error was confirmed.
    • Gullstrand lens power influences tonic accommodation levels, but tonic accommodation does not appear to predict juvenile myopia onset.