Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Transgenic Organisms00:53

Transgenic Organisms

Overview
In-vitro Mutagenesis01:16

In-vitro Mutagenesis

To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Clinical and MRI variables in decision support systems for prostate MRI: A systematic review of decision support tools, nomograms, and risk models.

Radiography (London, England : 1995)·2025
Same author

Survival outcomes in patients with sigmoid volvulus.

International journal of colorectal disease·2025
Same author

The Binghampton Homœopathic Medical Association.

The Homoeopathic physician·2023
Same author

Expanding the scope of Endocrine Connections.

Endocrine connections·2023
Same author

Comparison of double inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging (DIR-MRI) and dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in detection of prostate cancer: A pilot study.

Radiography (London, England : 1995)·2020
Same author

Antidepressant treatment among social workers, human service professionals, and non-human service professionals: A multi-cohort study in Finland, Sweden and Denmark.

Journal of affective disorders·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Intraductal Injection of LPS as a Mouse Model of Mastitis: Signaling Visualized via an NF-κB Reporter Transgenic
08:51

Intraductal Injection of LPS as a Mouse Model of Mastitis: Signaling Visualized via an NF-κB Reporter Transgenic

Published on: September 4, 2012

Insertion of a casein kinase recognition sequence induces phosphorylation of ovine beta-lactoglobulin in transgenic

M McClenaghan1, E Hitchin, E M Stevenson

  • 1Roslin Institute Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK.

Protein Engineering
|May 11, 1999
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers engineered a milk protein, beta-lactoglobulin, to be phosphorylated using mammary gland mechanisms. This novel, phosphorylated protein was successfully produced in the milk of transgenic mice.

More Related Videos

Tracing Gene Expression Through Detection of β-galactosidase Activity in Whole Mouse Embryos
08:42

Tracing Gene Expression Through Detection of β-galactosidase Activity in Whole Mouse Embryos

Published on: June 26, 2018

Site-Specific Lysine Lactylation via Genetic Code Expansion in E. coli and Mammalian Cells
05:58

Site-Specific Lysine Lactylation via Genetic Code Expansion in E. coli and Mammalian Cells

Published on: February 24, 2026

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Intraductal Injection of LPS as a Mouse Model of Mastitis: Signaling Visualized via an NF-κB Reporter Transgenic
08:51

Intraductal Injection of LPS as a Mouse Model of Mastitis: Signaling Visualized via an NF-κB Reporter Transgenic

Published on: September 4, 2012

Tracing Gene Expression Through Detection of β-galactosidase Activity in Whole Mouse Embryos
08:42

Tracing Gene Expression Through Detection of β-galactosidase Activity in Whole Mouse Embryos

Published on: June 26, 2018

Site-Specific Lysine Lactylation via Genetic Code Expansion in E. coli and Mammalian Cells
05:58

Site-Specific Lysine Lactylation via Genetic Code Expansion in E. coli and Mammalian Cells

Published on: February 24, 2026

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Milk proteins play crucial roles in nutrition and have diverse biological functions.
  • Post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, can significantly alter protein function.
  • Mammary gland cellular machinery offers a potential platform for producing modified proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of using mammary gland casein kinase recognition sites for protein phosphorylation.
  • To engineer ovine beta-lactoglobulin for phosphorylation within the mammary gland.
  • To characterize the novel phosphorylated protein produced in the milk of transgenic mice.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic engineering: Insertion of beta-casein DNA sequence with casein kinase recognition sites into ovine beta-lactoglobulin.
  • Generation of transgenic mice carrying the modified gene.
  • Biochemical analysis of milk whey: Infrared spectroscopy, antibody reactivity, electrophoretic mobility, and mass spectrometry.

Main Results:

  • Transgenic lactating mice produced a novel, phosphorylated form of beta-lactoglobulin in their milk.
  • Characterization confirmed phosphorylation of one to two residues, altering electrophoretic mobility.
  • The majority of the phosphorylated beta-lactoglobulin was found in the milk whey, not casein micelles.

Conclusions:

  • Mammary gland cellular mechanisms can be harnessed to phosphorylate a target milk protein.
  • Engineered beta-lactoglobulin can be successfully produced and phosphorylated in the milk of transgenic animals.
  • This demonstrates a novel method for producing post-translationally modified proteins in milk.