Inequality in the social services

This article analyzes national data on the institutionalized population and shows the different patterns for white and nonwhite children and adults. It considers and refutes explanations based on differential problems and needs and explores organizational mechanisms. It also marshals evidence to show how such proxies as race and class are employed by organizations to induce a rationing of diagnostic categories and of services. The outcome is downward drift, the propelling of minority and poor persons into failure-reinforcing institutions. Directions for change are indicated.