"Totality"--right or wrong: the totality trilogy

Totality, or the concept that all evidence that may bear on a given case should be considered together in issuing a decision, has been applied inconsistently by the National Labor Relations Board, particularly with regard to three types of cases: "good faith doubt" cases, those involving employer statements made during a union election campaign, and employee discharge cases. In the following article, the author examines cases that demonstrate how the Board has vacillated in its application of the totality principle.