Development of a pediatric dosing sheet for use in the critical care setting

Hospital Pharmacy
|October 7, 1984
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric dosing in critical care is challenging due to conflicting literature. University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) developed evidence-based pediatric dosing guidelines, successfully used for six years.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
  • Clinical Pharmacology
  • Evidence-Based Practice

Background:

  • Conflicting medical literature complicates pediatric dosing in critical care.
  • Lack of standardized pediatric dosing guidelines poses challenges for healthcare professionals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and implement standardized pediatric dosing guidelines.
  • To improve the accuracy and consistency of medication administration for critically ill children.

Main Methods:

  • Multidisciplinary team (medical, pharmacy, nursing, respiratory therapy) at UCSF Intensive Care Unit.
  • Comprehensive review of existing medical literature.
  • Consultation with pediatric and critical care specialists.

Main Results:

  • Developed and successfully implemented pediatric dosing guidelines over six years.
  • Guidelines are well-received by physicians, pharmacists, and nurses.
  • Facilitated more consistent and accurate medication dosing.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized, evidence-based pediatric dosing guidelines are crucial for critical care settings.
  • Multidisciplinary development and implementation enhance guideline acceptance and utility.
  • UCSF guidelines provide a successful model for improving pediatric critical care medication management.

Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Dosage Regimen Designs: Nomograms and Tabulations01:23

Dosage Regimen Designs: Nomograms and Tabulations

Nomograms and tabulations are vital tools used by clinicians to design accurate and individualized dosage regimens. These instruments provide a straightforward method for adjusting dosages based on individual patient characteristics, including age, weight, and physiological condition. The foundation of a drug's nomogram is population pharmacokinetic data collected and analyzed using specific models. This data simplifies complex equations, presenting them diagrammatically or tabularly for easy...
Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches01:28

Dosage Regimens: Designs and Approaches

Designing a dosage regimen, which refers to the manner of drug administration, is a complex process involving the selection of drug dose, route, and frequency. This process is underpinned by pharmacokinetic parameters derived from tests and population averages. These parameters are then tailored to patient-specific variables such as diagnosis, demographics, and allergy status. Once therapy commences, therapeutic response monitoring is critical and achieved through clinical and physical...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...