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Related Experiment Videos

Guidelines for phenytoin infusions.

C B Tuttle

    The Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy
    |December 6, 1984
    PubMed
    Summary

    Phenytoin sodium injection can now be safely diluted for intravenous infusion. Stable solutions are achievable by diluting with 0.9% sodium chloride or Ringer's Lactate and administering freshly prepared solutions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacology
    • Intravenous Drug Administration
    • Pharmaceutical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Phenytoin sodium injection was previously contraindicated for IV dilution due to phenytoin acid precipitation.
    • Precipitation was linked to maintaining admixture pH below 9.5-10, leading to rod-shaped crystal formation.
    • This instability limited its use in critical care settings requiring intravenous therapy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To clarify the causes of phenytoin sodium precipitation in intravenous fluids.
    • To establish conditions for preparing stable and safe phenytoin sodium intravenous infusions.
    • To provide guidelines for the preparation and administration of these infusions.

    Main Methods:

    • Investigated the factors influencing phenytoin sodium solubility and stability in intravenous admixtures.
    • Determined the critical pH range required to prevent phenytoin acid precipitation.
    • Evaluated the stability of phenytoin sodium when diluted in specific intravenous solutions.

    Main Results:

    • Stable phenytoin sodium solutions can be prepared for intravenous infusion.
    • Dilution in small volumes of 0.9% sodium chloride or Ringer's Lactate injection is recommended.
    • Freshly prepared admixtures are crucial for maintaining solution stability and safety.

    Conclusions:

    • Phenytoin sodium injection can be safely administered intravenously when prepared according to specific guidelines.
    • Adherence to recommended dilution protocols and fresh preparation prevents precipitation.
    • These findings enable wider use of phenytoin sodium for intravenous therapy.

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