Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 14, 2026
07:05
Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
Published on: September 10, 2018
Programming by objective links objectives to the cost of achieving them
Summary
This study introduces the programming by objective model to link costs with program goals. This model helps managers ensure objectives are met efficiently and justify the cost of achieving them.
Area of Science:
- Management Science
- Public Administration
- Health Services Management
Background:
- Current program budgeting models often fail to connect program objectives with the costs required for their achievement.
- Managers face challenges in determining the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of meeting program objectives.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce and explain the programming by objective model.
- To demonstrate how this model links program costs directly to defined objectives.
- To provide a framework for managers to assess efficiency and justify resource allocation.
Main Methods:
- The study outlines a five-step process: planning, programming, budgeting, control, and evaluation.
- This structured approach facilitates the development of integrated program and spending plans.
Main Results:
- The programming by objective model establishes a clear relationship between financial expenditures and the attainment of specific program goals.
- Managers can utilize this model to create spending plans that align with and support objective achievement.
Conclusions:
- The programming by objective model offers a systematic method for efficient program management.
- It enables managers to ensure that program objectives are met cost-effectively and that investments are justified.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Health Information Technology and Healthcare Information System
Health Information Technology (HIT)
Health Information Technology, commonly called HIT, integrates advanced information systems and technology in healthcare settings. Its primary functions include:
Health Information Technology, commonly called HIT, integrates advanced information systems and technology in healthcare settings. Its primary functions include:
01:10Control Systems
Control systems are everywhere in contemporary society, influencing diverse applications from aerospace to automated manufacturing. These systems can be found naturally within biological processes, such as blood sugar regulation and heart rate adjustment in response to stress, as well as in man-made systems like elevators and automated vehicles. A control system is essentially a network of subsystems and processes that collaboratively convert specific inputs into desired outputs.
At the heart...
At the heart...
01:17Design Example: Alignment of a Road Line Using GIS
The alignment of a road line using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a critical process in civil engineering, combining advanced technology with practical decision-making. This methodology begins with the collection of geospatial data, including information on land cover, geomorphology, drainage patterns, slope, and contour details. Such data is typically acquired through satellite imagery and GIS tools, offering a comprehensive understanding of the terrain.Once the data is gathered, it...
01:27Linear Equations
Linear equations form the foundation of many algebraic and real-world applications, characterized by their simplicity and utility. A linear equation is an algebraic statement in which each term is either a constant or a product of a constant and a single variable. These equations represent straight lines when plotted on a Cartesian coordinate plane, reflecting a constant rate of change between two quantities.A typical linear equation in one variable has the form: ax + b = c, where a, b, and c...
01:29Introduction to Functions
Functions are essential mathematical tools used to describe consistent relationships between varying quantities. A function connects each input to a single, corresponding output based on a defined rule. These relationships appear in both everyday contexts and natural phenomena, providing a framework for understanding change and prediction.One common real-life example is a parking garage fee system, where the total cost depends on the amount of time a vehicle remains inside. In this case, the...
01:25Limit Laws I
Limit laws provide essential tools for analyzing how functions behave as their input approaches a specific value. These laws are particularly useful when dealing with combinations of functions, provided the individual limits exist. The Sum and Difference Laws state that the limit of the sum or difference of two functions equals the sum or difference of their respective limits:The Product Law asserts that the limit of the product of two functions equals the product of their individual limits:A...