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How did Tarasoff affect clinical practice?

W J Bowers, D J Givelber, C L Blitch

    The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
    |February 9, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    The Tarasoff ruling impacts psychotherapists nationwide, with California therapists more aware and likely to warn potential victims of violent patients. This landmark case has influenced national therapeutic practices regarding patient safety.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychiatry
    • Psychology
    • Social Work
    • Legal Medicine

    Background:

    • The Tarasoff decisions (1974, 1976) established psychotherapist liability for failing to protect potential victims of violent patients.
    • This ruling created a duty to warn or protect in specific mental health contexts.
    • Understanding the impact of these decisions on clinical practice is crucial for patient safety and legal compliance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the awareness and impact of the Tarasoff decisions on psychotherapists' attitudes and practices.
    • To compare the influence of the Tarasoff ruling in California versus other regions.
    • To track changes in therapists' willingness to protect potential victims over time.

    Main Methods:

    • A survey of psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers was conducted in eight metropolitan areas.
    Keywords:
    DetroitEmpirical ApproachLegal ApproachMental Health TherapiesNew York CityProfessional Patient RelationshipTarasoff v. Regents of the University of California

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  • Data was collected in 1975 and 1980 to compare attitudes and behaviors before and after the Tarasoff decisions.
  • Respondents were queried on their awareness of the case, belief in its requirements, and actions taken to protect potential victims.

    • Main Results:

    • Californian psychotherapists demonstrated higher awareness of the Tarasoff case compared to those in other jurisdictions.
    • Therapists in California were more likely to believe the ruling mandated victim warnings and to issue such warnings.
    • A national increase in therapists' willingness to protect victims was observed between 1975 and 1980, with a more pronounced increase in California.

    Conclusions:

    • The Tarasoff decisions have had a significant and demonstrable impact on psychotherapeutic practice, particularly in California.
    • While the influence is greater in California, the ruling has also shaped national attitudes and behaviors regarding the duty to protect.
    • The study highlights the evolving legal and ethical landscape of mental health care and its effect on clinical decision-making.