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Welfare reform in the 1950s.

E Berkowitz, K McQuaid

    The Social Service Review
    |February 11, 1980
    PubMed
    Summary

    Welfare expansion and reform continued in the 1950s, contrary to historical views. Bureaucrats and Congress expanded federal power through legislation like disability insurance, not individual efforts.

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    Area of Science:

    • Social Sciences
    • History of Social Policy
    • American Political History

    Background:

    • Historical accounts suggest welfare expansion and reform stagnated in the 1950s.
    • This period is often characterized by a conservative shift in social policy.
    • Understanding the dynamics of 1950s welfare policy is crucial for tracing the evolution of the American welfare state.

    Observation:

    • Despite a conservative impression, federal welfare spending was deemed necessary by many, including conservatives.
    • Disagreements centered on the methods of federal expenditure rather than the principle of spending.
    • The Eisenhower administration favored a rehabilitation approach to reduce federal dependence.

    Findings:

    • The 1954 Social Security and Vocational Rehabilitation Acts embodied the administration's rehabilitation strategy.
    • Bureaucrats within the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, in collaboration with a Democratic Congress, significantly expanded federal authority.
    • The enactment of disability insurance in 1956 marked a substantial increase in federal welfare power.

    Implications:

    • The 1950s were a period of significant, albeit complex, welfare reform and expansion.
    • Institutional continuity and bureaucratic action, rather than singular efforts, drove these policy changes.
    • This research challenges traditional historical narratives of the 1950s welfare landscape.

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