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Deinstitutionalization and welfare policies.

P Lerman

    The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science
    |April 10, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    America's welfare programs, initiated 50 years ago, shifted social problem responses from institutions to community settings. This analysis examines the historical impact on dependent aged, mentally ill, developmentally disabled, and at-risk youth.

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    Area of Science:

    • Social Sciences
    • Public Policy
    • History

    Background:

    • Historically, public responses to social issues in the US were primarily institutional.
    • The establishment of a federal welfare state in the 1930s marked a significant shift in social policy.
    • This analysis examines the influence of welfare programs initiated approximately 50 years ago.

    Observation:

    • The study analyzes the historical trajectory of four distinct population groups.
    • These groups include the dependent aged, mentally ill, developmentally disabled, and at-risk youth.
    • The analysis tracks the movement of these populations from traditional institutions to alternative care settings.

    Findings:

    • The dependent aged transitioned from almshouses and asylums to nursing homes.
    • The mentally ill moved from state hospitals to diverse local residences.
    • Developmentally disabled individuals shifted from state schools to community facilities, and youth from orphanages to group homes and treatment centers.

    Implications:

    • Welfare programs have profoundly influenced institutional trends in social services.
    • Understanding these historical shifts is crucial for assessing current and future policy issues.
    • The findings provide insights into the ongoing evolution of social care and support systems.

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