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Antimutagenic effect of plant flavonoids in the Salmonella assay system
1Dept. of Food and Nutrition, National Fisheries University of Pusan, Korea.
Abstract:
The antimutagenic effects of 27 kinds of plant flavonoids on the mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1(AFB1) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 were investigated. In the mixed applications of AFB1 (1 microgram/plate) with the flavonoids (300 micrograms/plate) in the presence of a mammalian metabolic activation system (S9 mix), chrysin, apigenin, luteolin and its glucoside, kaempferol, fisetin, morin, naringenin, hesperetin, persicogenin, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin showed the antimutagenic effect against AFB1 with more than 70% inhibition rate. A little or no antimutagenicities except flavone against MNNG (0.5 microgram/plate) were observed. For the antimutagenicity of the flavonoids on AFB1, the flavonoid structure that contains the free 5-, 7-hydroxyl group seemed to be essential. However, saturation of the 2,3-double bond or elimination of the 4-keto group did not affect the activity.
Insights
Plant flavonoids can inhibit aflatoxin B1 mutagenicity. Several flavonoids, including chrysin and apigenin, demonstrated over 70% inhibition, with specific structural features being essential for this antimutagenic effect.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Toxicology
- Natural Products Chemistry
Background:
- Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) are known mutagens.
- Plant flavonoids are a diverse group of natural compounds with potential biological activities.
- Investigating the protective effects of plant compounds against mutagens is crucial for public health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the antimutagenic potential of 27 plant flavonoids against AFB1 and MNNG.
- To identify specific flavonoids that exhibit significant inhibitory effects on mutagenicity.
- To determine the key structural characteristics of flavonoids responsible for their antimutagenic activity.
Main Methods:
- Bacterial mutagenicity assay using Salmonella typhimurium TA100.
- Co-administration of flavonoids with mutagens (AFB1 and MNNG) in the presence of a metabolic activation system (S9 mix).
- Quantification of inhibition rates to assess antimutagenic effects.
Main Results:
- Multiple flavonoids, including chrysin, apigenin, luteolin, kaempferol, fisetin, morin, naringenin, hesperetin, persicogenin, (+)-catechin, and (-)-epicatechin, showed significant antimutagenic effects against AFB1 (>70% inhibition).
- Flavonoids exhibited minimal to no antimutagenic activity against MNNG, with flavone being a minor exception.
- The presence of free 5- and 7-hydroxyl groups on the flavonoid structure was found to be essential for antimutagenicity against AFB1.
Conclusions:
- Certain plant flavonoids possess potent antimutagenic properties against aflatoxin B1.
- The structural features of flavonoids, particularly hydroxyl group positioning, are critical for their protective effects.
- These findings suggest the potential use of specific flavonoids as chemopreventive agents against AFB1-induced mutagenesis.