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Major histocompatibility complex class I genes in primates: co-evolution with pathogens.

T U Vogel¹, D T Evans, J A Urvater

¹Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53715-1299, USA.

Immunological Reviews

|May 13, 1999

Summary

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The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is crucial for immunity. Studying primate MHC evolution reveals how pathogens and MHC molecules co-evolve, impacting viral populations.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Evolutionary Biology
Primatology

Background:

The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is the most polymorphic genetic system, vital for cellular immune responses to pathogens.
Understanding the evolutionary relationship between human and non-human primate MHC enhances knowledge of its polymorphism generation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review MHC class I evolution in primates (great apes, Old World, New World).
To discuss how MHC class I alleles influence viral population dynamics using a simian immunodeficiency virus/rhesus monkey model.

Main Methods:

Comparative genomic analysis of MHC class I genes across primate species.
In vivo studies utilizing the simian immunodeficiency virus/rhesus monkey model to observe host-pathogen interactions.

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Main Results:

MHC class I evolution in primates shows significant diversity and adaptation.
Data demonstrates MHC class I alleles actively select for specific viral populations, influencing pathogen evolution.

Conclusions:

Primate MHC class I evolution is closely linked to pathogen pressures.
Pathogens and MHC class I molecules engage in a dynamic co-evolutionary process within host populations.