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Forces in cell locomotion.

E L Elson1, S F Felder, P Y Jay

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Biochemical Society Symposium
|May 13, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Animal cell locomotion involves actin polymerization and myosin forces, but the exact mechanism of cell body advancement via traction force remains unclear. Further research using molecular genetics and reconstituted tissues is needed to understand this crucial aspect of cell movement.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Mechanobiology

Background:

  • Animal cell locomotion is essential for development and disease.
  • Key processes include actin polymerization, myosin-dependent forces, and substrate adhesion dynamics.
  • The precise mechanism driving cell body advancement, particularly the role of traction forces, is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying animal cell locomotion.
  • To investigate the specific role and nature of traction forces in cell migration.
  • To differentiate traction forces involved in locomotion from those involved in tissue remodeling.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of current understanding of cell locomotion mechanisms.
  • Analysis of forces exerted by different cell types (fibroblasts, keratocytes, neutrophils, Dictyostelium).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Proposal for future research using molecular genetics and reconstituted tissue systems.

    • Main Results:

    • Actin polymerization likely drives leading edge protrusion.
    • Myosin forces and adhesion detachment contribute to rear retraction.
    • A distinct, yet uncharacterized, traction force may advance the cell body.
    • Stronger forces in fibroblasts/keratocytes may relate to tissue functions, unlike weaker forces in rapidly migrating cells.

    Conclusions:

    • The molecular basis of traction force in cell migration requires further investigation.
    • Distinguishing migratory traction from tissue-related forces is critical.
    • Molecular genetics and reconstituted tissues are promising avenues for future research into cell force generation and its role in development and tissue mechanics.