Experiential conceptualization and treatment of anger

An emotionally focused conceptualization and treatment of anger is described and illustrated using the case examples of Celeste and David. This approach is based on ongoing assessment of different anger processes and states. Five sources of information for emotion assessment are outlined. Assessment distinguishes between environmentally directed and self-directed anger, between overcontrolled and underregulated anger, between painful emotion and bad feelings, and between primary, secondary, and instrumental anger. These different processes and states call for different intervention strategies. The three-phase process of emotionally focused therapy for problems with anger also is illustrated using the case examples. Intervention with David emphasized accessing overcontrolled adaptive anger, whereas the emphasis with Celeste was on exploring secondary rage to access more vulnerable experience of hurt, fear, and shame.