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Related Experiment Videos

The paroxysmal dyskinesias.

K P Bhatia1

  • 1University Department of Clinical Neurology, Institute of Neurology, London, UK.

Journal of Neurology
|May 14, 1999
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers paroxysmal movement disorders like choreoathetosis and dystonia, exploring their causes, symptoms, and potential treatments. Many of these conditions may involve ion channel dysfunction, with some responding to antiepileptic drugs.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Genetics
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Paroxysmal movement disorders present with sudden, brief episodes of involuntary movements.
  • Conditions include paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis/dyskinesias (PKC/PKD), paroxysmal exercise-induced dystonia (PED), and paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis/non-kinesigenic dyskinesias (PDC/PNKD).
  • Other related disorders include paroxysmal nocturnal dyskinesia and tonic spasms in multiple sclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical, pathophysiological, and genetic features of various paroxysmal movement disorders.
  • To highlight potential underlying mechanisms, such as ion channelopathies.
  • To discuss therapeutic responses, particularly to antiepileptic drugs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical presentations, genetic links, and treatment outcomes.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of pathophysiological hypotheses, including ion channel involvement.
  • Categorization of disorders based on triggers and clinical characteristics.

    • Main Results:

    • PKC/PKD, often familial, may be an ion channel disorder responsive to carbamazepine.
    • PED, more often sporadic, has unknown pathophysiology and generally poor response to antiepileptics.
    • Familial PDC linked to chromosome 2q, suggesting a channelopathy; ADNFLE linked to CHRNA4 gene mutations.

    Conclusions:

    • Paroxysmal movement disorders exhibit diverse clinical features and triggers.
    • Evidence suggests ion channel dysfunction as a common underlying mechanism in several disorders.
    • Treatment efficacy varies, with antiepileptic drugs like carbamazepine being beneficial for some types of PKC/PKD.