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Raised concentrations of aldehyde lipid peroxidation products in premature infants with chronic lung disease
T Ogihara1, K Hirano, T Morinobu
1Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, Japan.
Insights
Elevated aldehyde levels, indicating lipid peroxidation, are linked to chronic lung disease (CLD) in premature infants. Measuring specific aldehydes like 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) at birth can predict CLD development.
Area of Science:
- Neonatal Medicine
- Biochemistry
- Oxidative Stress Research
Background:
- Oxidative stress is implicated in neonatal chronic lung disease (CLD).
- Lipid peroxidation generates aldehyde end products, serving as biomarkers of oxidative damage.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify lipid peroxidation by measuring aldehyde end products in premature infants.
- To determine the association between specific aldehydes and the development of CLD.
Main Methods:
- Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were used to measure plasma aliphatic aldehydes.
- Aldehyde concentrations were analyzed in premature infants who developed CLD versus those who did not.
- Derivatives of aldehydes were analyzed using a specific internal standard.
Main Results:
- Infants who developed CLD had higher concentrations of all measured aldehydes compared to non-CLD infants.
- Significantly increased levels of heptanal, 2-nonenal, and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) were observed in CLD infants at birth.
- Increased HNE (> or = 200 nM) and 2-nonenal (> or = 150 nM) at birth were strong predictors for CLD development.
Conclusions:
- Lipid peroxidation, evidenced by elevated aldehydes, may contribute to the pathogenesis of neonatal CLD.
- Early detection of CLD may be possible through measurement of specific aldehydes at birth.
Aim:
To indicate the extent of lipid peroxidation induced by oxidative stress, by measuring aldehyde end products in biological samples.
Methods:
A highly specific gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method was used to measure plasma concentrations of aliphatic aldehydes within the first week of life in 13 premature infants who subsequently developed chronic lung disease (CLD) and 11 infants without CLD (non-CLD). The oxime-tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives of aldehydes were analysed using 2,2,6,6-d4-cyclohexanone as the internal standard.
Results:
All of the aldehydes measured were raised in those infants with CLD compared with non-CLD infants. Plasma concentrations of heptanal, 2-nonenal, and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) were significantly increased in CLD infants on the day of birth, while the differences in all aldehydes between the two groups were not significant at 4-6 days of age. Logistic regression analysis showed that the increase in these three aldehydes within the first 24 hours of life independently showed significant associations with the development of CLD. In particular, an HNE concentration of > or = 200 nM on day 0 was the best predictor for the early detection of CLD (odds ratio = 32.0), followed by a 2-nonenal concentration of > or = 150 nM (odds ratio = 16.0).
Conclusions:
These findings suggest that lipid peroxidation may have a role in the pathogenesis of neonatal CLD.