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Histamine release upon adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) nasal provocation in allergic subjects
R Polosa1, C Pagano, G Prosperini
1Istituto Malattie Apparato Respiratorio, Università di Catania, Italy.
Background:
Nasal provocation with adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) elicits nasal symptoms in subjects with rhinitis. Histamine released from mast cells may play a part in AMP induced nasal responses.
Methods:
Symptoms of rhinitis were recorded and histamine release in the fluid obtained by nasal lavage after AMP, guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP), and placebo instillations was measured in nine subjects with allergic rhinitis and nine non-allergic controls in a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled study.
Results:
No symptoms or significant increases in histamine were observed after GMP and placebo challenge. Significantly higher levels of histamine were seen in the nasal lavage fluids of allergic subjects following AMP challenge than in nonallergic controls, the median (range) histamine concentration increasing from the baseline value of 1.62 (0.44-6.99) ng/ml to 6.45 (0.81-16.17) ng/ml at three minutes. No increase in histamine levels was seen in the non-allergic subjects in whom the median histamine concentration was 1.13 (0.29-4.25) ng/ml at baseline and 0.97 (0.31-5.89) ng/ml three minutes after AMP challenge.
Conclusions:
AMP elicits an immediate rise in histamine levels in the nasal lavage fluid of allergic subjects compared with non-allergic individuals. These findings indicate that the exaggerated nasal response to adenosine may reflect mast cell priming in vivo, thus supporting its application as a potential new marker of allergic inflammation.
Insights
Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) challenge causes increased histamine release in allergic rhinitis patients, indicating mast cell activation. This suggests AMP may serve as a marker for allergic inflammation.
Area of Science:
- Allergy and Immunology
- Rhinology
- Mast Cell Biology
Background:
- Nasal provocation with adenosine 5 omino-monophosphate (AMP) induces rhinitis symptoms.
- Histamine release from mast cells is implicated in AMP-induced nasal responses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate histamine release in response to AMP challenge in allergic rhinitis.
- To evaluate AMP as a potential marker for allergic inflammation.
Main Methods:
- A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study was conducted.
- Nine subjects with allergic rhinitis and nine non-allergic controls underwent nasal lavage after AMP, guanosine 5 omino-monophosphate (GMP), and placebo instillations.
- Rhinitis symptoms and histamine levels in nasal lavage fluid were measured.
Main Results:
- No symptoms or significant histamine increases were observed after GMP or placebo challenges.
- Allergic subjects showed significantly higher histamine levels in nasal lavage fluid post-AMP challenge compared to non-allergic controls.
- Histamine concentration increased from a median of 1.62 ng/ml to 6.45 ng/ml in allergic subjects three minutes after AMP challenge.
Conclusions:
- AMP elicits an immediate rise in nasal histamine levels in allergic individuals.
- These findings suggest mast cell priming in vivo.
- AMP may serve as a potential new marker for allergic inflammation.