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Cholera in the 1990s.

P R Reeves1, R Lan

  • 1Department of Microbiology, University of Sydney, Australia.

British Medical Bulletin
|May 18, 1999
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two Vibrio cholerae strains cause cholera, with the seventh pandemic strain spreading globally. Genetic analysis reveals distinct pathogenicity islands, highlighting the need for rapid vaccine development against emerging strains.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Epidemiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cholera is primarily caused by two Vibrio cholerae strains: a sixth pandemic remnant and the seventh pandemic strain that emerged in 1961.
  • The seventh pandemic spread globally in the 1990s, including South America, and a new O139 variant emerged.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the genetic relationship between sixth and seventh pandemic Vibrio cholerae clones.
  • To understand the genetic basis of Vibrio cholerae variation and pathogenicity.
  • To assess the risk of new cholera strain emergence and inform vaccine development.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular analysis of Vibrio cholerae strains.
  • Comparative genomics to study pathogenicity islands and phages.
  • Epidemiological tracking of pandemic spread and strain emergence.

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Main Results:

  • Sixth and seventh pandemic Vibrio cholerae clones are related but possess distinct TCP pathogenicity islands and CTX phages.
  • Independent derivation from related environmental strains is suggested.
  • Increased genetic variation during seventh pandemic upsurges allows for strain relationship studies.

Conclusions:

  • Vibrio cholerae evolution involves distinct genetic elements, suggesting independent origins for pandemic strains.
  • The basis for variation in Vibrio cholerae pathogenicity remains unknown.
  • There is a significant risk of novel Vibrio cholerae strains emerging, necessitating a proactive vaccine development strategy.