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New World hantaviruses.

J C Young1, J N Mills, D A Enria

  • 1Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329-4018, USA.

British Medical Bulletin
|May 18, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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The epidemiology of New World hantaviruses, including Sin Nombre virus, has evolved since 1993. Despite identified rodent hosts and sporadic cases, the ecological and personal factors driving hantavirus pulmonary syndrome remain unclear.

Area of Science:

  • * Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • * Viral Zoonoses
  • * Public Health Virology

Background:

  • * Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and Sin Nombre virus (SNV) were first described in 1993.
  • * Four distinct hantaviruses with specific rodent hosts have been identified in North America.
  • * North American hantavirus epidemiology contrasts with frequent outbreaks and endemic cases in South America.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the evolving understanding of New World hantavirus epidemiology.
  • * To highlight the contrast in disease patterns between North and South America.
  • * To identify knowledge gaps regarding the determinants of hantavirus infection.

Main Methods:

  • * Literature review of published studies on New World hantaviruses.

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  • * Analysis of epidemiological data from North and South America.
  • * Synthesis of current knowledge on hantavirus ecology and transmission.

    • Main Results:

    • * Increased identification of hantaviruses and their rodent reservoirs in North America.
    • * Documentation of sporadic HPS cases linked to specific hantaviruses and hosts.
    • * Evidence suggesting person-to-person transmission of some New World hantaviruses.

    Conclusions:

    • * Significant progress has been made in identifying New World hantaviruses and their hosts.
    • * The ecological and personal factors influencing hantavirus infection remain largely unknown.
    • * Further research is needed to elucidate transmission dynamics and risk factors for HPS.