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Abruptio placentae and chorioamnionitis-microbiological and histologic correlation.

A Rana1, H Sawhney, S Gopalan

  • 1Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica
|May 18, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Silent chorioamnionitis, indicated by placental membrane culture positivity, is more frequent in cases of placental abruption. This finding suggests a link between subclinical infection and this pregnancy complication.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Perinatal Medicine
  • Infectious Disease in Pregnancy

Background:

  • Placental abruption is a significant obstetric complication.
  • Chorioamnionitis is an infection of the fetal membranes and placenta.
  • The association between chorioamnionitis and placental abruption requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between chorioamnionitis and placental abruption.
  • To determine if subclinical chorioamnionitis is more prevalent in patients with placental abruption.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study comparing 50 women with abruptio placentae to 50 controls.
  • Microbiological cultures of cervical and placental membrane swabs.
  • Histological examination of placental membranes for chorioamnionitis.

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Main Results:

  • Placental membrane culture positivity for specific organisms was significantly higher in the abruptio placentae group (40%) compared to controls (18%).
  • Histologic evidence of chorioamnionitis showed a non-significant trend towards higher incidence in the abruptio placentae group (30% vs 22.85%).
  • Cervical swab flora was similar between the groups.

Conclusions:

  • The incidence of silent chorioamnionitis, identified by positive placental membrane cultures, is elevated in patients with abruptio placentae.
  • This suggests a potential role for subclinical intrauterine infection in the pathophysiology of placental abruption.