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Long-term Depression

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

Long-term Depression

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 20, 2026

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats

A New Method for Inducing a Depression-Like Behavior in Rats

Published on: February 22, 2018

Depressed adolescents grown up.

M M Weissman¹, S Wolk, R B Goldstein

¹Division of Clinical and Genetic Epidemiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York 10032, USA. weissman@child.cpmc.columbia.edu

|May 18, 1999

Summary

Major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescence significantly increases suicide risk and persists into adulthood, leading to higher rates of depression, hospitalization, and impaired functioning. Early identification and treatment are crucial for adolescent MDD patients.

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Area of Science:

Psychiatry
Developmental Psychology
Clinical Epidemiology

Background:

Major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescence is linked to functional impairment and suicide risk.
Limited data exists on the long-term clinical course of adolescent-onset MDD into adulthood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the continuity of major depressive disorder (MDD) from adolescence into adulthood.
To describe the clinical outcomes and long-term effects of adolescent-onset MDD.

Main Methods:

A prospective case-control study followed 73 subjects with adolescent-onset MDD and 37 healthy controls.
Initial assessments occurred between 1977-1985 (Tanner stage III-V), with follow-up 10-15 years later (1992-1996).
Outcomes assessed included suicide, psychiatric diagnoses, treatment, and social functioning.

Main Results:

Adolescent-onset MDD was associated with a 7.7% suicide rate and a 5-fold increased risk of suicide attempts.
Individuals with adolescent MDD had a 2-fold increased risk of recurrent MDD in adulthood, but not other psychiatric disorders.
Impaired social, work, and family functioning was prevalent, with only 37% remaining episode-free in adulthood compared to 69% of controls.

Conclusions:

Adolescent-onset MDD demonstrates significant continuity, specificity, morbidity, and mortality risk into adulthood.
Early identification and evidence-based treatment for adolescent MDD are strongly indicated.
Findings highlight the critical need for ongoing mental health support for adolescents diagnosed with depression.