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Vesicular stomatitis.

G J Letchworth1, L L Rodriguez, J Del cbarrera

  • 1Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA.

Veterinary Journal (London, England : 1997)
|May 18, 1999
PubMed
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Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) causes significant livestock losses and is infectious to humans. Despite research, effective vaccines are lacking, posing risks due to global travel and pathogen plasticity.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Immunology
  • Pathogen Discovery

Background:

  • Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) causes significant livestock disease with clinical signs similar to foot-and-mouth disease.
  • VSV is zoonotic, posing a human health risk, and occurs seasonally in various global regions.
  • Vesiculoviruses are arthropod-borne, potentially insect viruses that infect mammals, with simple RNA genomes and bullet-shaped virions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics, epidemiology, and impact of vesicular stomatitis virus.
  • To highlight the challenges in developing effective vaccines for VSV.
  • To underscore the potential risks associated with VSV due to global connectivity and pathogen adaptability.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of vesicular stomatitis virus research.

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  • Analysis of epidemiological data and disease characteristics.
  • Evaluation of viral mechanisms and host immune responses.

    • Main Results:

    • VSV causes severe oral and dermal lesions in livestock, leading to productivity losses.
    • Viral replication involves hijacking cellular machinery and causing tissue destruction.
    • Host immune responses include interferon, nitric oxide, and antibodies, which control but do not eliminate the virus.
    • Error-prone genome replication leads to viral variants, facilitating adaptation.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite fundamental discoveries, safe and effective VSV vaccines remain elusive.
    • Increased global travel and susceptible animal populations amplify the risk of VSV outbreaks.
    • Underappreciation of VSV as a veterinary and zoonotic pathogen by regulators and researchers poses significant future risks.